FAMRI-IELCAP Center of Excellence Mount Sinai Medical Center

FAMRI SUPPORTED RESEARCH – PUBLICATIONS

Altorki NK, Yip R, Hanaoka T, Bauer T, Aye R, Kohman L, Sheppard B, Thurer R, Andaz S, Smith M, Mayfield W, Grannis F, Korst R, Pass H, Straznicka M, Flores R, Henschke CI, Investigators IE. Sublobar resection is equivalent to lobectomy for clinical stage 1A lung cancer in solid nodules. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014;147(2):754-762; Discussion 762-754.

Bagnardi V, Rota M, Botteri E, Scotti L, Jenab M, Bellocco R, Tramacere I, Pelucchi C, Negri E, La Vecchia C, Corrao G, Boffetta P. Alcohol consumption and lung cancer risk in never smokers: a meta-analysis. Ann Oncol. 2011;22(12):2631-2639.

Berlin E, Buckstein M, Yip R, Yankelevitz DF, Rosenzweig K, Henschke CI, Investigators IE. Definitive Radiation for Stage I Lung Cancer in a Screened Population: Results From the I-ELCAP. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2019;104(1):122-126.

Biancardi AM, Jirapatnakul AC, Reeves AP. A comparison of ground truth estimation methods. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg. 2010;5(3):295-305.

Chen X, Li K, Yip R, Perumalswami P, Branch AD, Lewis S, Del Bello D, Becker BJ, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Hepatic steatosis in participants in a program of low-dose CT screening for lung cancer. Eur J Radiol. 2017;94:174-179.

Chen X, Ma T, Yip R, Perumalswami PV, Branch AD, Lewis S, Crane M, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Elevated prevalence of moderate-to-severe hepatic steatosis in World Trade Center General Responder Cohort in a program of CT lung screening. Clin Imaging. 2020;60(2):237-243.

de la Hoz RE, Liu X, Doucette JT, Reeves AP, Bienenfeld LA, Wisnivesky JP, Celedon JC, Lynch DA, San Jose Estepar R. Increased Airway Wall Thickness is Associated with Adverse Longitudinal First-Second Forced Expiratory Volume Trajectories of Former World Trade Center workers. Lung. 2018;196(4):481-489.

Duffield-Lillico AJ, Boyle JO, Zhou XK, Ghosh A, Butala GS, Subbaramaiah K, Newman RA, Morrow JD, Milne GL, Dannenberg AJ. Levels of prostaglandin E metabolite and leukotriene E(4) are increased in the urine of smokers: evidence that celecoxib shunts arachidonic acid into the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2009;2(4):322-329.

Farooqi AO, Cham M, Zhang L, Beasley MB, Austin JH, Miller A, Zulueta JJ, Roberts H, Enser C, Kao SJ, Thorsen MK, Smith JP, Libby DM, Yip R, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI, International Early Lung Cancer Action Program I. Lung cancer associated with cystic airspaces. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2012;199(4):781-786.

Fitzgerald DW, Bezak K, Ocheretina O, Riviere C, Wright TC, Milne GL, Zhou XK, Du B, Subbaramaiah K, Byrt E, Goodwin ML, Rafii A, Dannenberg AJ. The effect of HIV and HPV coinfection on cervical COX-2 expression and systemic prostaglandin E2 levels. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2012;5(1):34-40.

Flores R, Bauer T, Aye R, Andaz S, Kohman L, Sheppard B, Mayfield W, Thurer R, Smith M, Korst R, Straznicka M, Grannis F, Pass H, Connery C, Yip R, Smith JP, Yankelevitz D, Henschke C, Altorki N, Investigators IE. Balancing curability and unnecessary surgery in the context of computed tomography screening for lung cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014;147(5):1619-1626.

Flores RM, Nicastri D, Bauer T, Aye R, Andaz S, Kohman L, Sheppard B, Mayfield W, Thurer R, Korst R, Straznicka M, Grannis F, Pass H, Connery C, Yip R, Smith JP, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI, Altorki NK, Writing committee for the IEI. Computed Tomography Screening for Lung Cancer: Mediastinal Lymph Node Resection in Stage IA Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Manifesting as Subsolid and Solid Nodules. Ann Surg. 2017;265(5):1025-1033.

Flores RM, Yankelevitz DF. Lung Cancer Screening: The True Benefit. Ann Thorac Surg. 2018;106(2):319-320.

Hecht HS. Coronary Artery Calcium: From the Power of 0 to >1,000. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2019.

Hecht HS, Cronin P, Blaha MJ, Budoff MJ, Kazerooni EA, Narula J, Yankelevitz D, Abbara S. 2016 SCCT/STR guidelines for coronary artery calcium scoring of noncontrast noncardiac chest CT scans: A report of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography and Society of Thoracic Radiology. J Thorac Imaging. 2017;32(5):W54-W66.

Hecht HS, de Siqueira ME, Cham M, Yip R, Narula J, Henschke C, Yankelevitz D. Low- vs. standard-dose coronary artery calcium scanning. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;16(4):358-363.

Hecht HS, Henschke C, Yankelevitz D, Fuster V, Narula J. Combined detection of coronary artery disease and lung cancer. Eur Heart J. 2014;35(40):2792-2796.

Henschke CI, Salvatore M, Cham M, Powell CA, DiFabrizio L, Flores R, Kaufman A, Eber C, Yip R, Yankelevitz DF, International Early Lung Cancer Action Program I. Correction to: Baseline and annual repeat rounds of screening: implications for optimal regimens of screening. Eur Radiol. 2018;28(7):3114.

Henschke CI, Salvatore M, Cham M, Powell CA, DiFabrizio L, Flores R, Kaufman A, Eber C, Yip R, Yankelevitz DF, International Early Lung Cancer Action Program I. Baseline and annual repeat rounds of screening: implications for optimal regimens of screening. Eur Radiol. 2018;28(3):1085-1094.

Henschke CI, Yankelevitz DF, Yip R, Reeves AP, Farooqi A, Xu D, Smith JP, Libby DM, Pasmantier MW, Miettinen OS, Writing Committee for the IEI. Lung cancers diagnosed at annual CT screening: volume doubling times. Radiology. 2012;263(2):578-583.

Henschke CI, Yip R, Boffetta P, Markowitz S, Miller A, Hanaoka T, Wu N, Zulueta JJ, Yankelevitz DF, Investigators IE. CT screening for lung cancer: Importance of emphysema for never smokers and smokers. Lung Cancer. 2015;88(1):42-47.

Henschke CI, Yip R, Ma T, Aguayo SM, Zulueta J, Yankelevitz DF, Writing Committee for the IEI. CT screening for lung cancer: comparison of three baseline screening protocols. Eur Radiol. 2019.

Henschke CI, Yip R, Ma T, Aguayo SM, Zulueta J, Yankelevitz DF, Writing Committee for the IEI. Correction to: CT screening for lung cancer: comparison of three baseline screening protocols. Eur Radiol. 2019;29(6):3321-3322.

Henschke CI, Yip R, Smith JP, Wolf AS, Flores RM, Liang M, Salvatore MM, Liu Y, Xu DM, Yankelevitz DF, International Early Lung Cancer Action Program I. CT Screening for Lung Cancer: Part-Solid Nodules in Baseline and Annual Repeat Rounds. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2016;207(6):1176-1184.

Henschke CI, Yip R, Yankelevitz DF, Smith JP, International Early Lung Cancer Action Program I. Definition of a positive test result in computed tomography screening for lung cancer: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158(4):246-252.

Htwe Y, Cham MD, Henschke CI, Hecht H, Shemesh J, Liang M, Tang W, Jirapatnakul A, Yip R, Yankelevitz DF. Coronary artery calcification on low-dose computed tomography: comparison of Agatston and Ordinal Scores. Clin Imaging. 2015;39(5):799-802.

Hu M, Yip R, Yankelevitz DY, Henschke CI. CT screening for lung cancer: Frequency of enlarged adrenal glands identified in baseline and annual repeat rounds. Eur Radiol. 2016;26(12):4475-4481.

International Early Lung Cancer Action Program I. Computed tomographic screening for lung cancer: individualising the benefit of the screening. Eur Respir J. 2007;30(5):843-847.

Jirapatnakul A, Reeves AP, Lewis S, Chen X, Ma T, Yip R, Chin X, Liu S, Perumalswami PV, Yankelevitz DF, Crane M, Branch AD, Henschke CI. Automated measurement of liver attenuation to identify moderate-to-severe hepatic steatosis from chest CT scans. Eur J Radiol. 2020;122:108723.

Kekatpure VD, Boyle JO, Zhou XK, Duffield-Lillico AJ, Gross ND, Lee NY, Subbaramaiah K, Morrow JD, Milne G, Lippman SM, Dannenberg AJ. Elevated levels of urinary prostaglandin e metabolite indicate a poor prognosis in ever smoker head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2009;2(11):957-965.

Keller BM, Reeves AP, Henschke CI, Yankelevitz DF. Multivariate compensation of quantitative pulmonary emphysema metric variation from low-dose, whole-lung CT scans. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2011;197(3):W495-502.

Khan KM, Kothari P, Du B, Dannenberg AJ, Falcone DJ. Matrix metalloproteinase-dependent microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 expression in macrophages: role of TNF-alpha and the EP4 prostanoid receptor. J Immunol. 2012;188(4):1970-1980.

Lee CI, Forman HP. What we can and cannot see coming. Radiology. 2010;257(2):313-314.

Li K, Yip R, Avila R, Henschke CI, Yankelevitz DF. Size and Growth Assessment of Pulmonary Nodules: Consequences of the Rounding. J Thorac Oncol. 2017;12(4):657-662.

Liang M, Yip R, Tang W, Xu D, Reeves A, Henschke CI, Yankelevitz DF. Variation in Screening CT-Detected Nodule Volumetry as a Function of Size. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2017;209(2):304-308.

Liu S, Xie Y, Jirapatnakul A, Reeves AP. Pulmonary nodule classification in lung cancer screening with three-dimensional convolutional neural networks. J Med Imaging (Bellingham). 2017;4(4):041308.

Liu Y, Yankelevitz DF, Kostakoglu L, Beasley MB, Htwe Y, Salvatore MM, Yip R, Henschke CI. Updating the role of FDG PET/CT for evaluation of lung cancer manifesting in nonsolid nodules. Clin Imaging. 2018;52:157-162.

Margolies L, Salvatore M, Eber C, Jacobi A, Lee IJ, Liang M, Tang W, Xu D, Zhao S, Kale M, Wisnivesky J, Henschke CI, Yankelevitz D. The general radiologist’s role in breast cancer risk assessment: breast density measurement on chest CT. Clin Imaging. 2015;39(6):979-982.

Margolies L, Salvatore M, Hecht HS, Kotkin S, Yip R, Baber U, Bishay V, Narula J, Yankelevitz D, Henschke C. Digital Mammography and Screening for Coronary Artery Disease. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016;9(4):350-360.

Margolies LR, Salvatore M, Tam K, Yip R, Bertolini A, Henschke CI, Yankelevitz DF. Breast mass assessment on chest CT: Axial, sagittal, coronal or maximal intensity projection? Clin Imaging. 2020;63:60-64.

Margolies LR, Salvatore M, Yip R, Tam K, Bertolini A, Henschke C, Yankelevitz D. The chest radiologist’s role in invasive breast cancer detection. Clin Imaging. 2018;50:13-19.

Margolies LR, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Reply to “Mammographic Reporting of Breast Arterial Calcification”. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2019;213(3):W146.

Margolies LR, Yip R, Hwang E, Oudsema RH, Subramaniam VR, Hecht H, Narula J. Breast Arterial Calcification in the Mammogram Report: The Patient Perspective. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2019;212(1):209-214.

Morris PG, Zhou XK, Milne GL, Goldstein D, Hawks LC, Dang CT, Modi S, Fornier MN, Hudis CA, Dannenberg AJ. Increased levels of urinary PGE-M, a biomarker of inflammation, occur in association with obesity, aging, and lung metastases in patients with breast cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2013;6(5):428-436.

Muezzinler A, Mons U, Gellert C, Schottker B, Jansen E, Kee F, O’Doherty MG, Kuulasmaa K, Freedman ND, Abnet CC, Wolk A, Hakansson N, Orsini N, Wilsgaard T, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, van der Schouw YT, Peeters PHM, de Groot L, Peters A, Orfanos P, Linneberg A, Pisinger C, Tamosiunas A, Baceviciene M, Luksiene D, Bernotiene G, Jousilahti P, Petterson-Kymmer U, Jansson JH, Soderberg S, Eriksson S, Jankovic N, Sanchez MJ, Veronesi G, Sans S, Drygas W, Trichopoulou A, Boffetta P, Brenner H. Smoking and All-cause Mortality in Older Adults: Results From the CHANCES Consortium. Am J Prev Med. 2015;49(5):e53-e63.

Padgett J, Biancardi AM, Henschke CI, Yankelevitz D, Reeves AP. Local noise estimation in low-dose chest CT images. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg. 2014;9(2):221-229.

Pyenson BS, Henschke CI, Yankelevitz DF, Yip R, Dec E. Offering lung cancer screening to high-risk medicare beneficiaries saves lives and is cost-effective: an actuarial analysis. Am Health Drug Benefits. 2014;7(5):272-282.

Reeves AP, Xie Y, Jirapatnakul A. Automated pulmonary nodule CT image characterization in lung cancer screening. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg. 2016;11(1):73-88.

Reeves AP, Xie Y, Liu S. Large-scale image region documentation for fully automated image biomarker algorithm development and evaluation. J Med Imaging (Bellingham). 2017;4(2):024505.

Reeves AP, Xie Y, Liu S. Automated image quality assessment for chest CT scans. Med Phys. 2018;45(2):561-578.

Rydzak CE, Armato SG, Avila RS, Mulshine JL, Yankelevitz DF, Gierada DS. Quality assurance and quantitative imaging biomarkers in low-dose CT lung cancer screening. Br J Radiol. 2018;91(1090):20170401.

Salvatore M, Henschke CI, Yip R, Jacobi A, Eber C, Padilla M, Knoll A, Yankelevitz D. JOURNAL CLUB: Evidence of Interstitial Lung Disease on Low-Dose Chest CT Images: Prevalence, Patterns, and Progression. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2016;206(3):487-494.

Salvatore M, Margolies L, Bertolini A, Singh A, Yankelevitz D, Henschke C. The need to be all inclusive: Chest CT scans should include imaged breast parenchyma. Clin Imaging. 2018;50:243-245.

Salvatore M, Margolies L, Kale M, Wisnivesky J, Kotkin S, Henschke CI, Yankelevitz DF. Breast density: comparison of chest CT with mammography. Radiology. 2014;270(1):67-73.

Shemesh J, Henschke CI, Farooqi A, Yip R, Yankelevitz DF, Shaham D, Miettinen OS. Frequency of coronary artery calcification on low-dose computed tomography screening for lung cancer. Clin Imaging. 2006;30(3):181-185.

Shemesh J, Henschke CI, Shaham D, Yip R, Farooqi AO, Cham MD, McCauley DI, Chen M, Smith JP, Libby DM, Pasmantier MW, Yankelevitz DF. Ordinal scoring of coronary artery calcifications on low-dose CT scans of the chest is predictive of death from cardiovascular disease. Radiology. 2010;257(2):541-548.

Steiger D, Han D, Yip R, Li K, Chen X, Liu L, Liu J, Ma T, Siddiqi F, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Increased main pulmonary artery diameter and main pulmonary artery to ascending aortic diameter ratio in smokers undergoing lung cancer screening. Clin Imaging. 2020;63:16-23.

Strulovici-Barel Y, Omberg L, O’Mahony M, Gordon C, Hollmann C, Tilley AE, Salit J, Mezey J, Harvey BG, Crystal RG. Threshold of biologic responses of the small airway epithelium to low levels of tobacco smoke. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;182(12):1524-1532.

Tramacere I, Pelucchi C, Bonifazi M, Bagnardi V, Rota M, Bellocco R, Scotti L, Islami F, Corrao G, Boffetta P, La Vecchia C, Negri E. A meta-analysis on alcohol drinking and the risk of Hodgkin lymphoma. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2012;21(3):268-273.

Veronesi G, Zulueta JJ, Maisonneuve P, Henschke C. At last we can go ahead with low-dose CT screening for lung cancer in Europe. Lung Cancer. 2018;123:176-177.

Wolf AS, Swanson SJ, Yip R, Liu B, Tarras ES, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI, Taioli E, Flores RM, Investigators IE. The Impact of Margins on Outcomes After Wedge Resection for Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Ann Thorac Surg. 2017;104(4):1171-1178.

Xu DM, Lee IJ, Zhao S, Rowena Y, Farooqi A, Cheung EH, Connery CP, Frumiento C, Glassberg RM, Herzog G, Peeke J, Scheinberg P, Shah P, Taylor J, Welch L, Widmann M, Yoder M, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. CT screening for lung cancer: value of expert review of initial baseline screenings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2015;204(2):281-286.

Xu DM, Yip R, Smith JP, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI, Investigators IE. Retrospective review of lung cancers diagnosed in annual rounds of CT screening. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2014;203(5):965-972.

Yankelevitz D, Henschke C. Lung cancer: Low-dose CT screening – determining the right interval. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2016;13(9):533-534.

Yankelevitz DF. CT Screening for Lung Cancer: Successful Trial, but Failed Understanding. J Thorac Oncol. 2018;13(1):12-15.

Yankelevitz DF. Invited Commentary: Early Lung Cancer and Cystic Airspaces. Radiographics. 2018;38(3):717-718.

Yankelevitz DF, Cham MD, Hecht H, Yip R, Shemesh J, Narula J, Henschke CI. The Association of Secondhand Tobacco Smoke and CT Angiography-Verified Coronary Atherosclerosis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2017;10(6):652-659.

Yankelevitz DF, Chan C, Henschke CI. Overdiagnosis: “A Malformed Concept”. J Thorac Imaging. 2019;34(3):151-153.

Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI, Yip R, Boffetta P, Shemesh J, Cham MD, Narula J, Hecht HS, Investigators F-I. Second-hand tobacco smoke in never smokers is a significant risk factor for coronary artery calcification. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013;6(6):651-657.

Yankelevitz DF, Yip R, Smith JP, Liang M, Liu Y, Xu DM, Salvatore MM, Wolf AS, Flores RM, Henschke CI, International Early Lung Cancer Action Program Investigators G. CT Screening for Lung Cancer: Nonsolid Nodules in Baseline and Annual Repeat Rounds. Radiology. 2015;277(2):555-564.

Yip R, Henschke CI, Xu DM, Li K, Jirapatnakul A, Yankelevitz DF. Lung Cancers Manifesting as Part-Solid Nodules in the National Lung Screening Trial. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2017;208(5):1011-1021.

Yip R, Henschke CI, Yankelevitz DF, Boffetta P, Smith JP, International Early Lung Cancer I. The impact of the regimen of screening on lung cancer cure: a comparison of I-ELCAP and NLST. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2015;24(3):201-208.

Yip R, Li K, Liu L, Xu D, Tam K, Yankelevitz DF, Taioli E, Becker B, Henschke CI. Controversies on lung cancers manifesting as part-solid nodules. Eur Radiol. 2018;28(2):747-759.

Yip R, Ma T, Flores RM, Yankelevitz D, Henschke CI, International Early Lung Cancer Action Program I. Survival with Parenchymal and Pleural Invasion of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers Less than 30 mm. J Thorac Oncol. 2019;14(5):890-902.

Yip R, Yankelevitz DF, Hu M, Li K, Xu DM, Jirapatnakul A, Henschke CI. Lung Cancer Deaths in the National Lung Screening Trial Attributed to Nonsolid Nodules. Radiology. 2016;281(2):589-596.

Zhang L, Yankelevitz DF, Carter D, Henschke CI, Yip R, Reeves AP. Internal growth of nonsolid lung nodules: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiology. 2012;263(1):279-286.

Zhang L, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI, Jirapatnakul AC, Reeves AP, Carter D. Zone of transition: a potential source of error in tumor volume estimation. Radiology. 2010;256(2):633-639.

Zhou XK, Liu F, Dannenberg AJ. A Bayesian Model Averaging Approach for Observational Gene Expression Studies. Ann Appl Stat. 2012;6(2):497-520.

Zhu Y, Wang Y, Gioia WE, Yip R, Jirapatnakul AC, Chung MS, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Visual scoring of aortic valve calcifications on low-dose CT in lung cancer screening. Eur Radiol. 2020;30(5):2658-2668.

Zulueta JJ, Wisnivesky JP, Henschke CI, Yip R, Farooqi AO, McCauley DI, Chen M, Libby DM, Smith JP, Pasmantier MW, Yankelevitz DF. Emphysema scores predict death from COPD and lung cancer. Chest. 2012;141(5):1216-1223.

PRESENTATIONS AND ABSTRACTS

Altorki NK, Yip R, Flores R, Hanaoka T, Bauer T, Aye R, Kohman L, Sheppard B, Thurer R, Andaz S, Smith M, Mayfield W, Grannis F, Korst R, Pass H, Straznicka M. Sub-lobar resection is equivalent to lobectomy for clinical Stage IA lung cancer: an analysis of I-ELCAP resected cancers [abstract]. American Association of Thoracic Surgeons. Minneapolis, MN, May 4-8, 2013.

Austin J, Yip R, Dโ€™Souza B, Wang J, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Small-cell carcinoma of the lung detected by CT screening: The I-ELCAP experience. Presented at the 94th Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting of the Radiological Society of North America. Chicago, IL, Nov 30-Dec 5, 2008.

Biancardi AM, Reeves AP, Jirapatnakul AC, Apanasovich T, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Comparison of computer versus manual determination of pulmonary nodule volumes in CT scans [abstract]. Proceedings of the SPIE International Symposium on Medical Imaging 2008;6915:691510.

Biancardi AM, Reeves AP, Jirapatnakul AC, Apanasovich T, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Comparison of computer versus manual determination of pulmonary nodule volumes in CT scans [abstract]. Proceedings of the SPIE International Symposium on Medical Imaging 2008;6915.

Browder WA, Reeves AP, Apananosovich T, Cham MD, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Automated volumetric segmentation method for growth consistency of nonsolid pulmonary nodules in high-resolution CT [abstract]. Proceedings of the SPIE International Symposium on Medical Imaging 2007;6514:65140Y.

Buckstein M, Yip R, Gaspar LE, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Rosenzweig KE. Radiation therapy for early stage lung cancer detected by CT screening: Results from the I-ELCAP Program. Presented at the ASTRO Scientific Session. Sep 2011.

Cham MD, Kadoch MA, Ward TJ, Padilla M, Beasley MB, Jacobi A. Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias: a radiology-pathology correlation [exhibit]. Radiological Society of North America. Chicago, IL, Dec 2-6, 2013.

Cham MD, Salvatore MM, Cohen SL, Ward TJ, Jacobi A. Impact of CT scanner capabilities on excess Z-axis scan length and its associated radiation dose. Presented at the Radiological Society of North America. Chicago, IL, Dec 2-6, 2013.

Chun GB, Jirapatnakul AC, Reeves AP, Xie Y, Yip R, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI, Powell CA. Quantitative analytics for emphysema in lung cancer screening CT scans. Presented at the American Thoracic Society Annual Meeting. Denver, CO, May 15-20, 2015.

Cohen S, Cham M, Patel U, Ward T, Xu D, Yankelevitz D, Henschke CI. Variability of CT technologist expertise and its significant impact on radiation dose [poster]. Radiological Society of North America. Chicago, IL, Nov 25-30, 2012.

Fotin S, Reeves AP, Biancardi AM, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Assessment of computer-aided detection of pulmonary nodule algorithm on the ELCAP and LIDC datasets. Presented at the Radiological Society of North America Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting. Chicago, IL, Nov 29-Dec 4, 2009.

Fotin S, Reeves AP, Cham MD, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Segmentation of coronary arteries from CT angiography images. Proceedings of the SPIE International Symposium on Medical Imaging 2007;6514:651418.

Fotin S, Reeves AP, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. The impact of pulmonary nodule size estimation accuracy on the measured performance of automated nodule detection systems [abstract]. Proceedings of the SPIE International Symposium on Medical Imaging 2008;6915:69151G.

Fotin SV, Reeves AP, Biancardi AM, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. A multiscale Laplacian of Gaussian filtering approach to automated pulmonary nodule detection from whole-lung low-dose CT scans [abstract]. Proceedings of the SPIE International Symposium on Medical Imaging 2009;6916 7260:72601Q.

Fotin SV, Reeves AP, Biancardi AM, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Image intensity windowing approach to automated detection of nonsolid pulmonary nodules from whole-lung low-dose CT scans [abstract]. Proceedings of the SPIE International Symposium on Medical Imaging 2009;7260:72601Q.

Fotin SV, Reeves AP, Cham MD, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Segmentation of coronary arteries from CT angiography images [abstract]. Proceedings of the SPIE International Symposium on Medical Imaging 2007;6514:651418.

Fotin SV, Reeves AP, Henschke CI, Yankelevitz DF. The impact of pulmonary nodule size estimation accuracy on the measured performance of automated nodule detection systems [abstract]. Proceedings of the SPIE International Symposium on Medical Imaging 2007;6514.

Hecht H, Yankelevitz DF, Cham MD, Yip R, Narula J. The association of second hand tobacco smoke with obstructive and nonobstructive atherosclerosis as assessed by coronary computed tomographic angiography, Presented at the American Heart Association Scientific Session. New Orleans, LA, Nov 13, 2016.

Hecht HS, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI, Yip R, Boffetta P, Shemesh J, Cham M, Narula J. Secondhand tobacco smoke in never smokers is a significant risk factor for coronary artery calcification [abstract]. American College of Cardiology. San Francisco, CA, Mar 10, 2013.

Henschke C. Curability vs. mortality in screening. Presented at the Society of Thoracic Radiology. Mar 12, 2012.

Henschke C. International Early Lung Cancer Investigators. Update on the definition of positive test results and its implication. Presented at the Radiological Society of North America Scientific Session. Dec 1, 2011. (RSNA on the Air: estimated audience: national: 1,543,800; NYC: 785,000).

Henschke CI, Salvatore M, Flores R, Powell CA, DiFabrizio L, Kaufman A, Eber C, Yip R, Yankelevitz DF. CT screening for lung cancer: the probability of lung cancer depends on the round of screening and the nodule consistency. Presented at the American Thoracic Society Annual Meeting. Denver, CO, May 15-20, 2015.

Henschke CI, Salvatore MM, Margolies LR, Kale M, Wisnivesky J, Yankelevitz DF, Kotkin S. Breast density: comparison of chest CT with mammography. Presented at the Radiological Society of North America. Chicago, IL, Dec 2-6, 2013.

Henschke CI, Yankelevitz DF, Cohen SL, Ward TJ, Cham MD. Minimizing Z-Axisscan length during chest CT: guidelines for dose reduction. Presented at the Radiological Society of North America. Chicago, IL, Dec 2-6, 2013.

Henschke CI, Yip R, Smith JP, Liang M, Xu D, Yankelevitz DF. CT screening for lung cancer: the frequency of nonsolid nodules, rate of malignancy, and long-term survival in a large, long-term database. Presented at the Radiological Society of North America Scientific Session. Chicago, IL, Nov 30, 2014.

Henschke CI, Yip R, Smith JP, Yankelevitz DF, Miettinen OS. CT screening for lung cancer: update of the definition of positive test result and its implications. Presented at the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Scientific Session. Jul 5, 2011.

Henschke CI. Characterization of solid pulmonary nodules using three-dimensional features [abstract]. Proceedings of the SPIE International Symposium on Medical Imaging 2007;6514:65143E.

Htwe Y, Cham MD, Yip R, Jirapatnakul AC, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Coronary artery calcification on low-dose computed tomography: comparison of Agatston and ordinal scores. Presented at the Radiological Society of North America Scientific Session. Chicago, IL, Dec 1, 2014.

Huang Y, Cham MD, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Missed lung cancer in dedicated coronary CT angiography. Presented at the 93rd Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting of the Radiological Society of North America. Chicago, IL, Nov 25-30, 2007.

Jirapatnakul A, Reeves AP, Biancardi AM, Apanasovich T, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. A comparison of automated and manual methods for growth rate measurement of solid pulmonary nodules. Presented at the 93rd Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting of the Radiological Society of North America. Chicago, IL, Nov 25-30, 2007.

Jirapatnakul A, Reeves AP, Biancardi AM, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Improved precision of repeat image change measurement of pulmonary nodules using moment-based z-compensation on a zero-change dataset. Proceedings of the SPIE International Symposium on Medical Imaging 2009;7260.

Jirapatnakul AC, Reeves AP, Apanasovich T, Biancardi AM, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Characterization of pulmonary nodules: Effects of size and feature type on reported performance [abstract]. Proceedings of the SPIE International Symposium on Medical Imaging 2008;6915:69151E.

Jirapatnakul AC, Reeves AP, Apanasovich T, Biancardi AM, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Pulmonary nodule classification: Size distribution issues. Presented at the IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging. Arlington, VA, Apr 12-15, 2007.

Jirapatnakul AC, Reeves AP, Apanasovich T, Cham MD, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Prediction of tumor volumes using an exponential model [abstract]. Proceedings of the SPIE International Symposium on Medical Imaging 2007;6514:65143A.

Jirapatnakul AC, Reeves AP, Apanasovich T, Cham MD, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Characterization of solid pulmonary nodules using three-dimensional features [abstract]. Proceedings of the SPIE International Symposium on Medical Imaging 2007;6514:65143E.

Jirapatnakul AC, Reeves AP, Biancardi AM, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Identification of asymmetric pulmonary nodule growth using a moment-based algorithm [abstract]. Proceedings of the SPIE International Symposium on Medical Imaging 2009;6916 7260:72602W.

Jirapatnakul AC, Reeves AP, Biancardi AM, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Semiautomated measurement of pulmonary nodule growth without explicit segmentation [abstract]. Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging 2009:855-858.

Jirapatnakul AC, Reeves AP, Biancardi AM, Yankelevitz DY, Henschke CI. Interscan variability on a zero-change dataset of an improved pulmonary nodule growth estimation method using moment-based z-compensation [abstract]. Proceedings of the SPIE International Symposium on Medical Imaging 2009;6916.

Jirapatnakul AC, Reeves AP, Zhang L, Biancardi AM, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Automated measurement of nodule margin area [abstract]. Proceedings of the SPIE International Symposium on Medical Imaging 2009;6916.

Keller B, Reeves AP, Apanasovich T, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Variation measurements of standard emphysema quantification from low dose CT scans. Presented at the 93rd Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting of the Radiological Society of North America. Chicago, IL, Nov 25-30, 2007.

Keller B, Reeves AP, Cham MD, Henschke CI, Yankelevitz DF. Semi-automated location identification of catheters in digital chest radiographs. Presented at the SPIE International Symposium on Medical Imaging. San Diego, CA, Feb 17-22, 2007.

Keller B, Reeves AP, Graham Barr R, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Diaphragm curvature measurement variation for the quantification of emphysema progression from whole lung CT scans [abstract]. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2009;4(S1):S178-S179.

Keller B, Reeves AP, Graham Barr R, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Variation compensation and analysis on diaphragm curvature analysis for emphysema quantification on whole lung CT scans [abstract]. Proceedings of the SPIE International Symposium on Medical Imaging 2010;7624:762432.

Keller B, Reeves AP, Henschke CI, Graham Barr R, Yankelevitz DF. Variation of quantitative emphysema measurements from CT scans [abstract]. Proceedings of the SPIE International Symposium on Medical Imaging 2008;6915:69152I.

Keller B, Reeves AP, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Automated quantification of pulmonary emphysema from computed tomography scans: Comparison of variation and correlation of common measures in a large cohort. Presented at the SPIE International Symposium on Medical Imaging. San Diego, CA, Feb 13-18, 2010.

Keller BM, Reeves AP, Apanasovich TV, Wang J, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Quantitative assessment of emphysema from whole lung CT scans: Comparison with visual grading [abstract]. Proceedings of the SPIE International Symposium on Medical Imaging 2009;7260.

Keller BM, Reeves AP, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI, Graham Barr R. Emphysema Quantification from CT scans using novel application of diaphragm curvature estimation: Comparison with standard quantification methods and pulmonary function data [abstract]. Proceedings of the SPIE International Symposium on Medical Imaging 2009; 6916 7260:726032.

Keller BM, Reeves AP, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI, Graham Barr R. Emphysema Quantification from CT scans using novel application of diaphragm curvature estimation: comparison with standard quantification methods and pulmonary function data [abstract]. Proceedings of the SPIE International Symposium on Medical Imaging 2009;6916.

Klingler M. FAMRI: Quantifying secondhand smoke exposure. Presented at the Scientific Session of the 18th International Conference on Screening for Lung Cancer. Oak Brook, IL, Apr 25-27, 2008.

Lane ME, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI, Vazquez MF, Xiang Z, Kimmel M, Kramer A, Wadler S. Hierarchical cluster analysis of pulmonary fine needle aspirates reveals distinct subgroups of adenocarcinomas. Presented at the 12th International Conference on Screening for Lung Cancer. Nara, Japan, Apr 8-10, 2005.

Lane ME, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI, Vazquez MF, Xiang Z, Kimmel M, Kramer A, Wadler S. Pulmonary fine needle aspirates (FNA) with diverse radiographic appearances exhibit distinct patterns of gene expression [abstract]. Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res 2005;46:876A.

Lane ME, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI, Vazquez MF, Xiang Z, Kimmel M, Kramer A, Wadler S. Patterns of gene expression in pulmonary fine needle aspirates (FNA) with diverse radiographic appearances exhibit distinct patterns of gene expression. Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res 2004;45:5589.

Lane, ME, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI, Vazquez MF, Xiang Z, Kimmel M, Kramer A, Wadler S. Pulmonary fine needle aspirates (FNA) with diverse radiographic appearances exhibit distinct patterns of gene expression. Presented at the American Association for Cancer Research. Washington, DC, 2005.

Lee J, Biancardi AM, Reeves AP, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Estimation of anatomical locations using standard frame of reference in chest CT scans. Proceedings of the 31st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. 2009:5809-5812.

Lee J, Reeves AP, Apanasovich T, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Automated airway analysis in low-dose CT. Presented at the 94th Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting of the Radiological Society of North America. Chicago, IL, Nov 30-Dec 5, 2008.

Lee J, Reeves AP, Fotin S, Apanasovich T, and Yankelevitz DF. Human airway measurement from CT images. Presented at the SPIE International Symposium on Medical Imaging. San Diego, CA, Feb 16-21, 2008.

Lee J, Reeves AP, Fotin S, Apanasovich T, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Precision of automated airway measurements in CT images. Presented at the 93rd Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting of the Radiological Society of North America. Chicago, IL, Nov 25-30, 2007.

Lee J, Reeves AP, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Assessment of airway dimensions in low-dose CT. Presented at the 94th Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting of the Radiological Society of North America. Chicago, IL, Nov 30-Dec 5, 2008.

Lee J, Reeves AP, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Bronchial segment matching in low-dose lung CT scan pairs [abstract]. Proceedings of the SPIE International Symposium on Medical Imaging 2009;6916 7260:72600A.

Lee J, Reeves AP, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Segmentation of bone structure and spinal canal from low-dose chest CT [abstract]. Proceedings of the SPIE International Symposium on Medical Imaging 2009;6916.

Lee J, Reeves AP, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Segmentation of individual ribs from low-dose chest CT [abstract]. Proceedings of the SPIE International Symposium on Medical Imaging 2010;7624:76243J.

Lee J, Reeves AP, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Skewness reduction approach for measuring airway wall thickness [abstract]. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2008;3:S50-S52.

Lee J, Reeves AP. Segmentation of the airway tree from chest CT using local volume of interest [abstract]. Proceedings of the Second International Workshop of Pulmonary Image Analysis 2009:333-340.

Liang M, Tang W, Xu D, Yip R, Jirapatnakul AC, Ktwe Y, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Detection of missed lung cancers using computer-aided detection systems (CAD) in CT screening for lung cancer. Presented at the Radiological Society of North America Scientific Session. Chicago, IL, Nov. 30, 2014.

Linek JA, Henschke CI, Yankelevitz DF, Flores RM, Powell CA. Non-malignant resection rate is lower in patients who undergo preoperative fine needle aspiration (FNA) for diagnosis of suspected early-stage lung cancer. Presented at the American Thoracic Society Annual Meeting. Denver, CO, May 15-20, 2015.

Liu S, Salvatore M, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI, Reeves AP. Segmentation of the whole breast from low-dose chest CT images. Proceedings of the SPIE Medical Imaging Conference 2015 on Computer-Aided Diagnosis 2015; 9414.

Liu S, Xie U, Reeves AP. Segmentation of the sternum from low-dose chest CT images. Proceedings of the SPIE Medical Imaging Conference 2015 on Computer-Aided Diagnosis.2015; 9414.

Liu Y, Kostakoglu L, Stempler L, Ktwe Y, Salvatore MM, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Predicting the metabolic activity of nonsolid nodules with low histologic grade lung cancer based on corrected SUV. Radiological Society of North America Scientific Session. Chicago, IL, Nov 30, 2014.

Margolies L, Salvatore M, Hecht H, Yip R, Yankelevitz D, Henschke C. Digital breast arterial calcium score is predictive of coronary calcium score. Presented at the American Roentgen Ray Scientific Conference. Toronto, Canada, Apr 22, 2015.

Margolies L, Salvatore M, Hecht HS, Kotkin S, Narula J, Yankelevitz D, Henschke C. Breast arterial calcification scoring: using mammography to assist our primary care physicians in identifying those at risk for cardiovascular disease.ย  Presented at the American College of Cardiology’s 65thAnnual Scientific Session. Chicago, IL, Nov 27 – Dec 2, 2016.

Ostroff J, Yip R, Henkel C, Weiss E, Henschke CI. Preliminary results comparing two brief cessation interventions for older smokers seeking low-dose CT scan of the chest [poster]. Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. Houston, TX, Mar 13-16, 2012.

Pozo E, Cham MD, Kadoch MA, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI, Yip R, Matarazzo TJ, Hecht HS. Effects of decreasing tube voltage and current on coronary artery calcium scoring [abstract]. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;61,A207:E842.

Pozo E, Cham MD, Kadoch MA, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI, Yip R, Matarazzo TJ, Hecht HS. Effects of iterative reconstruction on coronary artery calcium scoring. Presented at the American Heart Association Scientific Session, Circulation. Los Angeles, CA, Nov 3-7, 2012.

Reeves AP, Biancardi A, Yankelevitz DF, Fotin S, Keller B, Jiraptnakul A, Lee J. A public image database to support research in computer aided diagnosis [abstract]. Proceedings of the 31st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering 2009:3715-3718.

Reeves AP, Biancardi AM, Tatiyana V. Apanasovich T, Meyer CR, MacMahon H, van Beek EJR, Kazerooni EA, Yankelevitz DF, McNitt-Gray MF, McLennan G, Armato III SG, Aberle DR, Henschke CI, Hoffman EA, Croft BY, Clarke LR. The lung image database consortium (LIDC): Pulmonary nodule measurements, the variation and the difference between different size metrics. Presented at the SPIE International Symposium on Medical Imaging. San Diego, CA, Feb 17-22, 2007.

Reeves AP, Biancardi AM, Yankelevitz DF, Cham MD, Henschke CI. Heart region segmentation from low-dose CT scans: an anatomy based approach. Presented at the SPIE International Symposium on Medical Imaging. Feb, 2012.

Salvatore M, Levitt A, Padilla M, Henschke CI, Zhao S. Progression of usual interstitial pneumonitis (UIP) in a low-dose CT screening cohort [poster]. Presented at the Radiological Society of North America. Chicago, IL, Nov 25-30, 2012.

Salvatore MM, Cohen SL, Ward TJ, Jacobi A, Cham MD. Personalized technologist education to reduce excess Z-axis scanning: quality assurance and radiation dose reduction. Presented at the Radiological Society of North America. Chicago, IL, Dec 2-6, 2013.

Salvatore MM, Knoll A, Knoll M, Sheu RD, Kerns SL, Lo YC, Rosenzweig KE. Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in patients with emphysema: a quantitative analysis of CT changes. Presented at the Radiological Society of North America. Chicago, IL, Dec 2-6, 2013.

Salvatore MM, Knoll M, Sheu, RD, Kerns SL, Knoll A, Lo YC, Rosenzweig KE. Radiation-induced fibrosis after lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is correlated with radiation treatment parameters: a timeline of computed tomography (CT) changes. Presented at the Radiological Society of North America. Chicago, IL, Dec 2-6, 2013.

San Josรฉ Estรฉpar R, Reeves AP, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI, Mendelson D, de La Hoz R. A quantitative method for mosaic gas trapping based on residual mass. Presented at Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery (CARS). Fukuoka, Japan. Jun 25-28, 2014.

Schwartz RM, Taioli E, Taylor TN, Flores R, Yankelevitz D, Ross S, Henschke C. Analysis of a focus group discussion with early stage lung cancer survivors on their perceptions of the surgical decision-making process.ย  Presented at the Society of Thoracic Surgery. Phoenix, AZ, Jan 23-27, 2016.

Shemesh J, Shaham D, Henschke CI, Yip R, Farooqi AO, Reeves, AP. Ordinal scoring of coronary artery calcifications on ungated, low-dose CT scans of the chest predict death from cardiovascular disease. Presented at the Radiological Society of North America Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting. Chicago, IL, Nov 29-Dec 4, 2009.

Silva A, Carter D, Begnami M, Henschke CI, Vazquez M, Merino MJ. Evaluation of gene amplification and protein expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by CISH, FISH and IHC in lung adenocarcinoma. Presented at the US and Canadian Academy of Pathology Annual Meeting. San Diego, CA, Mar 24-30, 2007.

Strulovici-Barel Y, Oโ€™Mahony M, Gordon, C, Tilley AE, Salit J, Omberg L, Mezey J, Harvey BG, Crystal RG. Small airway epithelial gene expression in individuals exposed to low levels of tobacco smoke [abstract]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010;181:A6756.

Wadler S, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI, Vazquez MF, Xiang, Z, Kramer AL, Campagne F, Lane ME. Gene expression patterns in early lung adenocarcinomas exhibit a gender bias. Presented at the 15th International Conference on Screening for Lung Cancer. New York, NY, Oct 20-22, 2006.

Wisnivesky J, Yip R, Hanaoka T, Bauer T, Inderbitzi R, Ayer R, Kohman L, Sheppard B, Thurer R, Smith MV, Mayfield W, Grannis F, Korst R, Pass H, Straznika M, Wood R, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Limited resection for Stage I lung cancer [abstract]. American Thoracic Society. Denver, CO, May 13-18, 2011.

Xie Y, Cham MD, Henschke C, Yankelevitz D, Reeves AP. Automated coronary artery calcification detection on low-dose chest CT images. SPIE 9035, Medical Imaging 2014: Computer-Aided Diagnosis, 90350F. Mar 20, 2014.

Xie Y, Htwe YM, Padgett J, Henschke C, Yankelevitz D, Reeves AP. Automated aortic calcification detection in low-dose chest CT images. Presented at SPIE 9035, Medical Imaging 2014: Computer-Aided Diagnosis, 90350P. Mar 20, 2014.

Xie Y, Liang M, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI, Reeves AP. Automated segmentation of cardiac visceral fat in low-dose non-contrast chest CT images. Presented at the SPIE Medical Imaging Conference Orlando, FL, Feb 21-26, 2015.

Xie Y, Liang M, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI, Reeves AP. Automated measurement of pulmonary artery in low-dose non-contrast chest CT images. Presented at the SPIE Medical Imaging Conference Orlando, FL, Feb 21-26, 2015.

Xu D, Yip R, Shah P, Taylor J, Peeke J, Widmann M, Herzog G, Dockery D, Bennett J, Krebs H, Yoder M, Frumiento C, Welch L, Cheung EH, Scheinberg P, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Dual readings of initial baseline screenings at new sites is useful in decreasing the frequency of positive result and thus of further workup [abstract]. Radiological Society of North America. Chicago, IL, Nov 25-30, 2012.

Yankelevitz, DF. Biopsy of screen detected nodules. Presented at the Radiological Society of North America. Chicago, IL, Dec 2-6, 2013.

Yip R, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Lung cancers showing growth in only the short-axis dimension (width): the advantage of using the average diameter. Presented at the Radiological Society of North America Scientific Session. Chicago, IL, Dec 1, 2014.

Zulueta JJ, Wisnivesky J, Henschke CI, Yip R, Farooqi AO, Chen M, McCauley D, Yankelevitz D. Ordinal scoring of emphysema on ungated, low-dose CT scans of the chest predicts death form COPD and lung cancer. Presented at the Radiological Society of North America Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting. Chicago, IL, Nov 29 to Dec 4, 2009.